Ap Biology Wards Lab 5

La Rocca di Riva del Garda

In center of Riva del Garda , surrounded by the waters of the lake and connected to the mainland by a bridge, the mighty tower of the twelfth century fortress built to defend the ancient fortified port.

expanded and upgraded at different times (by the Scala family, the Visconti, the Venetians, the Bishop of Trento and the Austrians, who made a barracks), the Fortress has historically been the function of refuge for citizens.

has assumed its present form with the reconstruction of the Austrian 1852 when the corner towers, except the tower, were reduced in height.

It now houses the Museo Civico where you can see archaeological finds from the prehistory, the armory and the exhibition of costume, a picture gallery with many pictures of the '500 and '700 Venetian school.

From the top of the tower, a beautiful lake view.

visited all year round: 9.30-17.30, July-August 9:30 to 22:00 - Closed on Mondays - Entrance fee

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The castle of Gorizia Castle

We are in a time of year where every sunny day is a precious gift not to be missed and, therefore, are gathering the family left for Gorizia to visit his castle.

The hill on which it stands makes it look visible from much of the city and near enough to follow the clear indications tourist.

The hill is believed to have been inhabited since prehistoric to its strategic location. It is accessed by a moderately steep walk, starting from the charming neighborhood Habsburg below, with shops and distinctive architecture, along the outer walls to join the Gate Leopoldina (1660)

moved by stone coats of arms (in the middle depicts the double-headed eagle of the House of Austria).

La Porta introduces the Castle Village, consisting of various architectures in which the lines remain constructive and original elements of late medieval or post. The 'Land above', as it was commonly called the citadel between the outer ramparts and the castle itself had its period of greatest prosperity and splendor under the regency of Count Henry II in 1300 and lasted until about the mid-1500 . Count Henry II, liberated the village from an almost exclusively military, giving it a good business autonomy. In the seventeenth century in the village were built several mansions, which were added to the representative offices of the Provincial States, those of the City and the Captain. The walls that were the hallmark of the city, however, they strongly influence the development of narrowing the area of \u200b\u200bpopulation. The expansion could take place now only outside the town itself, where in fact took place the economic life of Gorizia in the early decades of the thirteenth century, when, at the "villa" in Gorizia, was allowed to hold a weekly market (1210 - Count Meinhard II). The gradual increase in population and the transfer of almost all activities commercial and merchant outside of town, he identified the city of Gorizia, with its lower part outside the village. In 1542 also the Provincial States, accounting for the autonomy of local government moved from the Castle to the 'Theatre nobilium'. Now the castle that remained was the official residence of the Captain, representing the sovereign authority, since even the nobility of Gorizia had begun to desert the city high and gradually build their houses elsewhere. The village, therefore, became a suburban area inhabited only by a few nobles and many common people.

Going to the castle stands the Gothic Church of the Holy Spirit (1398-1414), a single hall and belfry that sums up the Nordic and Venetian influences.

In the pleasant surroundings of the old buildings and a nice green stands the Castle,

whose current issue, which is of great emotional impact, is the result of a series of works that , from the primitive structure, marks the construction of a real castle in the thirteenth century. with the counts of Gorizia, which must still surviving building of the same name (with five double windows) and a first ring of defense in timber, then replaced in the sixteenth century, from the external covering three floors, with towers, battlements and walls embattled in sandstone by this time made necessary by the use of firearms now prevailing.

The castle was then expanded several times to the increased power of the accounts, which at that time also dominated the Tyrol and other territories. In 1456 a dispute on the legacy of Count Henry Cilli between Emperor Frederick of Austria and Count of Gorizia John Maynard leads to a conflict in the wake of which the latter loses his possessions, Carinthia, and Schloss Bruck Lienz.

Count In 1462 Leonardo became the last Count of Gorizia in 1478 and married the Countess Paola Gonzaga (a side in a fresco of Camera degli Sposi in the Ducal Palace of Mantua). Heirs are not born from the marriage and, therefore, the County of Gorizia fell under the Hapsburg Empire, so that in 1500, the death of Leonardo, the feud was hired by the Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg.

The Hapsburg domination reconverted the castle as a bulwark of defense as a barracks and prison, as had happened elsewhere.

It was badly damaged by bombing in World War I that semidistrussero the city.

In the 30s he was promoted the return of the architectonic century manor house in its essential shape.

furnishings that complete it, from various sources, creating an atmosphere of other times, date back to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and allow you to make a first contact with the noblest production of mobile Friuli.

addition to the aforementioned palace of the Counts of Gorizia, we note that of the provincial hall in which the signs stand of 56 noble families and the emblem of the county.

rich collection of paintings that adorn the various spheres of representation and not.

Very educational section on the ground floor and the exterior, where you can accompany the daily military life and the various weapons in use in the Renaissance.

the splendid panorama from the walkway on Gorizia and Nova Gorica.

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XIV

XIV


In the office I was given to patient.
My head was banging loudly. I get out of bed, I open the fridge, and attack on the jar of jam. It is a good remedy when you're a disgusting way of alcohol. Four and five tablespoons vanish nausea and headaches. I throw down the jam with orange juice, then m'infilo back to bed.
Under the pillow I find a compact disc and a note that read: Call me soon. Alexandra. Call me soon? I did not have his number mica nor she mine. We were met at Bourbon Street, the same place where I met Janneke. The location of the trailer. Alexandra was a member of an association that raises funds for the cause Palestinian. He had long hair and a thin face, innocent and optimistic. Alexandra dreamed of peace between Israelis and Palestinians. For this reason, wore badges with slogans peaceful and organized information meetings around Amsterdam. Alexandra was a girl in the leg. We talked for hours on the matter. The heart was. A moving war, ecological devastation, disasters, the money is. That are slaughtered Jews, blacks, whites, or Muslim does not matter. Greed belongs to man. You want to bring up religion, politics or whatever, you turn up the ass from the chair out of interest, or better to stay in front of the TV watching the variety.
After discovering that the water is heated by fire, and we had issues in common, I sit on the roof rack and bike venimmmo the house in the neighborhood. The CD is
Space Oddity by David Bowie. I put it on and am lying in bed with his hands behind his head staring at the ceiling. Unhappy. It is a bit 'that an evening like that hurts. Few stories. I am pleased to be with the girls, talk about the interests, dreams, make us sex, yet feel nothing for them. Neither affection nor gratitude. I can not break through the last wall of resistance. I can not really give me. A return to join. Care to satisfy my sexual desire seeking flesh to bite, chew, and after having tasted the juice, spitting. Stop.
Realistically, I myself do not know how to love more. I fell in love to give, here. With this approach I have ceased to be interested in their and my heart. And over time I realize that the warmth in these relations expresses the same as a neon lamp: synthetic and cold. The chills were slowly withering heat of passion. That bitch Janneke was the only one which I had fond. It was enough to be honest once to make it run away. So tired of having to do with feelings, I prefer to rely on the fair amount of tricks to approach a girl only to fuck, even if the sad day I find myself in bed with the balls drawn.
In any case, the question is not so simple to solve. There are moments in life when being a girl is like going to the pursuit of happiness. How do you search for happiness. Happiness is a state of mind result of a positive lifestyle. What do you think is best for you. I work in a place that I did not like, I was away from home, I suffered terribly rainy summer, I had a penny in my pocket, like hell I could fall in love with someone? I would have preferred to kill rather.
short, set aside the question I take a shower. Dripping into the kitchen. The sink is dull from a pile of dirty dishes. A dried tomato pesto. Half My fridge is empty. The other half, that reserved for Johana, is full of food inedible. The Finns have terrible taste in food. Would go ahead with butter and potatoes if you do not notice that there's so many other stuff on the shelves.
I could go on all day with orange juice and jam. Stirai a clean shirt, I put the, put my jacket and left the house.
raining. After a short period of sunny and warm autumn weather we had fallen into a senseless for me. It was August! The sky was dirty for weeks as the piles of old snow on the roadside. But who was more the case now. The blue of the sky had grayed in an impenetrable shyness and goodnight. Indeed since I arrived in Amsterdam had never overturned any shower followed by days of blue sky. Even after a violent nubigragio maximum intensity of the rain continuing to fall slightly faded.
asking around was not that experienced an annus horribilis, as I suspected. This was unfortunately the norm. Persons thus do not care to walk in the rain without an umbrella in August drench. Wallowed in their natural environment.
arrived at the Albert-Cuyp market. Many people in the stands with the bike at his side.
I stopped by the fishmonger, I bought Italian clams. Later taken arugula, spinach, eggplant, tomatoes, and parsley. The vegetables came from Spain, Greece, Portugal. From a seller's taken the Dutch Gouda cheese. At the market there is everything. A form of globalization that I went to genius, pace of Alexandra or on its behalf.
went on to the bike stalls in hand with the bags hanging from the handlebar and the mule Netherlands.
My friend was playing. Rain or shine VdHelstrstraat the corner of Albert and his music-Cuypstraat welcomes the air and voices. He played a bass worn, chipped, hitting a cymbal with his foot to give further boost to the sound. Falling in love was singing. Passers-by snapped his fingers. With his music he could pull out a piece of happiness to people, and that was to be reported as an absolute miracle. He wore a pair of trousers elegant, white shirt, waistcoat, bow tie and colorful. Conveyed sincere joy. He was not interested in money rushed into the sheath. He enjoyed his stay there in the street to play. Not pretended or wanted to trick us, here. It was his passion and sends it back intact.
Me and him we had never spoken. I sat there, sitting on the bike, and I watched him play. The only gesture of understanding that we changed was a slight bow with his head. For me it was worth more than many wasted words to understand, to make himself understood, to work hard to understand. In fact, we understand our own way, and it did not matter much. When the piece ended
dropped coins into the case and greeted him.
I returned home. I put my bike the chain and went inside. I took off my shoes, I put the expense on the table and stool from the CD of Bowie.
Johana had returned to Finland for Christmas holidays. Johana was a quiet girl, spotless as the snow that fell in his soul was to be just. Even Jerun had stopped to put the Zep dawn.
Comiciai to prepare the sauce with clams. Sometimes
fantastic Tognazzi die like in the film La Grande Bouffe swallowing a pot of pate. I wonder where the other is gone Ferreri as directors, actors like Mastroianni and why Italian cinema has become boring and played by actors with no personality.
The phone rang. He was a colleague of the call center.
- Santiago I have bad news. Today, the office said the department will close the incoming months.
- Seeh, by not joking, got clams on the fire.
- We want to send in Scotland. It is there that will transfer the office. I'm thinking there.
It was not the type to make jokes. Few doubt. They had decided to close shop and change of air.
- They say that they pay us air travel, rent and the pay is good.
- If you move offices in Scotland is to save money. You have not heard about the tax cuts that give the governments? How it works. The multi-country or moving to a country where few pay taxes or where labor is cheap. Watch what happens in India, Indonesia and in Sri Lanka.
- Remember the group of Indians who followed the training a couple of weeks ago? It seems that they are talented and have great spirit of sacrifice. So I heard. That's why I decided to go in Scotland. At least I've got a job there. You never know.
- At least you got a job there.
- Right.
- I have clams on the fire. I gotta go.
- A Monday.
hung up. When cooking was
scolai al dente pasta, I jumped into the sauce and sat at the table. A fine meal steccai me a glass of red and Gouda.
The rain ticking on the windows like a cat asking to enter. I let him out.
I would not have gone to Scotland and a short I lost my job.
I lay on the couch. I removed the bookmark and began to read Voyage au bout de la nuit. I was at the point where the doctor Bardamu hopeful, who arrived in New York at the height of Ford, is slammed down to earth by a colleague's notes: "Here we do not need intelligence, we need to chimps!"

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XIII

XIII

I watched, sitting on the sofa with a cup of coffee in her hands and legs crossed. I'm wearing a jeans skirt, a black woolen sweater and thick leather boots. Vera made sure that the memory of Janneke to dissolve quickly. Vera was a girl sexy. Of those that make your head spin. I was dying for her painted lips and those eyes sharp Eastern. He was Romanian, the rest.
between us was being a good battle. Vera had lowered their guard and become tame. In contrast, watching her work at Jimmy Ho, the local fashion where we had known, was one of those airhead who understood how to govern men through the appeal. Of those who spoke to her though without knowing, you team head to foot and once dried. Of course those who enjoy a high social environment, as if their bodies were hard and predestined to the wealthy who can afford it. Girls for the most unapproachable, in fact. And why Vera was spinning just me? Because the treaty without that reverence disgusted that weak men flaunt with beautiful women, like wiener dog and all the rest. For my part not badavo and avoid fuss. Spade a spade and if there was something to tell her I told him straight in the face showing great temperament. Thus it was that I conquered. Please send me a space on the couch. These chic young ladies like someone who takes the head. You have to have wrist. And here you are satisfied.
The party game is wonderful. I should give an Oscar every time I can convince someone that they are exactly the kind they seek.
we started talking about stupid things, sitting on the couch in front of the channel. She did not take my eyes off her. She reciprocated. Jerun was away. And without Shina between I enjoyed the walk home.
I put on the good sauce. We started dancing in the living room. We chased each other, jumping on couches, we threw the cushions, while we continued to laugh.
not I act like a bunch of time. Usually I would go straight to the point. I realized I missed the most of the girls. Sex is the arrival, not departure.
Eventually I found the arms. Close to each other breathed out of breath, so without saying anything. The stroked her cheek, she closed her eyes and slowly we got closer to kiss. Her lips opened up to accommodate the mine, a moment before touching the lock, noisy, Tlock-tlack!
The front door opened. Bassett appeared, a friend of Shina. She put her arms hips, took a deep breath and thundered: - They are here tonight!
Vera gave up and went to meet him.
- Come out and give me the keys.
- I will not do anything. Revenue boys.
Before they could set foot in the house I avventai basset with his fist raised ready to menargliele. Vera I clung behind. The tall boy stood in the middle of dividends.
- Calm down! Do not be silly! - Vera pleaded.
- I'm here has the house keys and I do not get angry?
- We have regularly paid the rent, for that matter. - Did the basset.
- But we who?
- Them! - And pointed to the couple.
- How to get paid?
- Shina We paid one month's rent and deposit. The room is ours in all respects.
grabbed the phone and called that crazy.
- What's going on here, can you explain it to me?
- Santiago I do not want to know anything. I have already endured the stress of moving and I want to relax. He came to see my brother the lawyer. I could not bring in that nasty neighborhood. In Jordan you are fine. I'm happy.
- I had explained that I had already rented a room.
- The guys gave me the money a month and the deposit. For me stay there.
- What the fuck are you saying?
- Do not raise your voice, Christ! Why do you call me a bitch! Why you're insulting me! I have not used these terms in the discussion!
- What?
- You called me a bitch, I do not deserve!
- I I have never called a bitch.
- Oh yes you did! You called me a bitch! I'm recording the conversation. My brother is a lawyer and I belong to a family that was very powerful. You have called me a bitch. You put yourself in trouble, Santiago. You put yourself in serious trouble. You can get the boys or I'll call the police. You can get the kids inside the house or I'll call the police.
was completely freaked out.
- Shina boys are at home. They had the keys.
- I rule them, I received the money. Them enter.
- But you did not have the right ...
screamed awful.
- Shina you're right. Calm down. It's all right. Everything is resolved. We are happy. Now we put our pajamas and go to sleep.
- Good.
- Well Yes.
- Salutameli.
I attacked. And angrily threw the phone into the canal. The boys looked at me shocked.
- Bring your bags at home. To stay here tonight.
- Did you happen! - Did the basset.
Vera went away disappointed, saying: - Good luck. You need it. Just came
heard grunting. Just a grunt of a pig.
- Hey, that was a grunt! Mica beasts have with you?
- It is a beast. Nano is a pig. It's called Baby. - Did the tall boy.
opened a berth for rescued cats and Baby, who for the joy of seeing me promptly pissed on the floor.
The circle was closed.
did not sleep that night. Who had let the house? Something, however, told me that I had done well to fix them. Those two had confused faces. The important thing was to survive until morning.
The day after I returned from work and talked with the beanpole of the matter. I explained the disaster ridden by Shina. They could stay a month. That weekend the Finnish company would take possession of the room. He understood without making a fuss. He would try another place, simply. The figure advance to Shina would have certainly had it back, just talk to Bassett, he said, he was in contact with Shina. They had known the night before to meet in a pub. Shina had promised the room without another word. The boys had believed, since they did not know where to go.
I prepared a cup of coffee, we sat on the couch and we met with calm. The beanpole named Miro, the girl Stella. Miro was the son of acrobats. The family of Stella wore around Prague for a puppet show. Between the two families there was a deep hatred. In the past there was the dead man escaped. His father just before leaving for the Netherlands took money from his savings, five hundred. He had done for his interest, he said, otherwise the gypsy He would be taken away. Barrel but the money did not saw them again. Miro, and Stella dreamed of putting on a puppet show and turn them around Europe. Now looking for work for a living as a carpenter.
- pay well in Holland as a carpenter. - Gagliardo said.
I had a bunch of addresses of employment agencies. Wrote down on paper what might interest him. Miro thanked me and we shook hands. Miro looked like Zampanò.

One day I met Vera on the street. I had to run after her, seemed to deliberately avoid me.
- Be careful who you steal home. I know that people there. They are miserable.
- Vera do not worry. Are people in place.
- Have not you driven out of the house?
- No.
- You were wrong.
Vera was never to have coffee at my house.
was July 31. I came home from work after a grueling day. Miro, and Stella had left. On the table in the hall I found a baseball cap and a ticket to Miro: Thanks James. Miro, and Stella.
Even more I saw them.

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S. Servolo

Today, a beautiful autumn day (I'd say late summer) invited to take this opportunity to arrange an exit, said that, I decided to go up to the Castle S. Servolo that, despite being very close to Trieste, I never visited as it is in Slovenia and had never managed to find the road to get there. Since the borders have fallen is reachable on foot from Italy through a beautiful trail drawn from S. Dorligo Valley (Dolina).

parking, so the car near the village cemetery and, after crossing the nearby road which connects to Crogole Prebenico, I am faced with an open space tourist signs

Sgurenz and the source ( 140 m) where the water comes from the plateau of St. Servolo and, according to locals, would be equipped with mysterious healing properties.

supplied the bottle (you never know), take the cart that goes up and decided, at the first fork, keep right and follow the signs to Socerb (San Servolo) on a stone in the middle bifurcation.

After a while we are at another crossroads where you turn left helped by other information on a pine.

The cart turns into the path and continue to climb past a sign indicating the proximity of the border, and soon after, the Boundary and continue now in Slovenia. Surrounded by a forest of oak and hornbeam, are in short on a massive scale fortification that looms over the landscape is called karst ridge line where the summit is perched on my first try. After thirty minutes of walking I come out of the woods and the trail is asphalt area of \u200b\u200bthe charming village of Socreb, now we have more work behind the line (which it is better to pitch quiet for now do not run out beer). Upon entering the country, to my right opens a series of spectacular views over the bay of Trieste and the plain of Zaule.

rests on the top left hand, the shape of the castle in white Istrian stone.

Immediately after the church in 1648 dedicated to St. Servolo turn left at the sign indicating the direction to reach the restaurant located in the castle,

and I stop to observe the "kal", the pond where, in the past, they watered their cows

my approach to a swarm of frogs take refuge in the water.

After the pond, with the manor's front entrance to a beautiful staircase which quickly brings me to the base of the castle (436 m).

What you see today is what remains of a much larger building which was the protagonist of fierce and bloody fighting.

The panorama from the castle is huge and this justifies the building here of a work like this.

The original was almost certainly a tower built from Istria in the ninth century to spot the ruthless Hungarians. Incorporated in the diocese of Aquileia, in 1295 it was ceded to the municipality of Trieste and protagonist in the struggle for control of production and salt trade between Austria and Venice. Until the early years of the '500, the castle changed hands several times. In 1508 with the establishment of the League of Cambrai promoted by the warrior Pope Julius II, the conflict became more heated and they see and deal with the imperial Muggia Trieste to Venice datas always to control the salt. In that year, the nearby castle of Val Draga in Rosandra was attacked by Triestina this episode followed the attack by the Venetians in Trieste after a long siege with numerous artillery were able to seize the castle of St. Just not yet completed. I paid 20,000 ducats Trieste as a pledge for a loss. The brief period of peace was plagued by an outbreak of plague and an earthquake, but despite this, 3 October 1511, the Triestians under the command of Captain Nicholas Rauber, flanked by soldiers of imperial Christopher Frangipani, penetrate into the plain below Zaule with the aim of taking all the Venetian fortresses and make the final attack in Muggia. All but defensively fell Muggia, defended by Captain John Farra (the Bombizza) held firm until the arrival by sea of \u200b\u200ballies from Koper. The siege was lifted and while they were returning home, soldiers from Trieste, on its own initiative, to avoid future problems, since they were in the area, attacked and razed the castle of Moccò (now called pre-emptive war). With the castle of St. Servolo now in the hands of Trieste, Koper tried to bribe the governor of the Austrian with a large sum of money. The governor then pretended to accept the agreement but warned that the garrison in Trieste, strengthened by a hundred soldiers, awaited the enemy in the castle, and these coming at night and did not realize the trap just after the drawbridge were attacked and massacred. In 1521 Nicholas Rauber obtained from the Emperor Charles V's lordship S. Servolo for the loyalty shown to the crown. In 1529 the Doge of Koper lead a successful attack on Salt Zaule destroyed but did not arrive at the castle. Also in the next century the castle is a stronghold of Austria, the future captain of cesarean Trieste Welcome Petazzi VI acquires the lordship of the castle, the weapon with two guns and called to defend a formidable garrison Uscocchi Croats who fled from Croatia and Bosnia and conquered by the Turks. In 1615, Venice is still trying to conquer S. Servolo with the administrator Benedict Lezze Petazzi but won a complete victory in the battle fought near the salt mines. It was not just Venice soldiers, wounded by guns Uskoks, drowned in the flooded areas of salt. The following year the new superintendent John Belegno brings a new attack on the castle this time with Albanian troops advancing to the walls since focusing on infrastructure devices without success, however, to infringe it. The castle is no longer affected by the war. In later years, ended the war of salt, switch to different buyers. At the end of 1700 a lightning strike causes a fire that destroyed the roofs; neglect following turns it into a ruin. At the beginning of 900 and was restored during the Second World War and was occupied by the Yugoslav army, considered a site of strategic Slavic state was annexed as a result of peace negotiations. In 2000 he opened his restaurant within the structure. How much history has passed in front of these walls.

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Famous and well-equipped tourist resort in Val Pusteria Brunico lies at the confluence of the Val di Tures not far from the entrance of Val Badia.

To reach the north-south axis along the highway A22 and exit at Bressanone from where you continue for 34 km. SS 49 Val Pusteria where there are many directions to the location.

The old town is neat and orderly, strictly closed to traffic and filled with shops. A stroll in the medieval city with its rows of buildings and important part of the walls that protected the mountain town is especially rewarding. From the castle dominates

Brunico.

And that's where we head.

The castle was built in 1251 by Prince Bishop of Brixen, Bruno von Kirchberg, and is easily accessible by a pleasant path leads up the hill station of Brunico.

In the midst of a beautiful green area, enter the castle from its southern side where a door opens once a drawbridge. Paid for the ticket to the cashier (2 Euro), we enter a beautiful courtyard decorated with frescoes put to the test against the elements.

Inside a circular tower, opens a door, through a staircase, giving access to the rooms above. Those related to accommodation of the bishops visited the first floor and a beautiful chapel on the second floor.

The interior of the castle are among the most characteristic of the Tyrol in 2010, Reinhold Messner, but will open in a wing of the manor, his fifth mountain museum, then I believe that it will definitely be an interesting visit.

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Predjama Castle Castle of Neuhaus Castle Bruneck Gais

From Brunico, in the direction of the Ahr Valley, along the Val di Tures, near Gais, on the upper left, surrounded by a thick forest of pine trees, stands the castle Neuhaus. From the bottom of the valley, the glimpse of this old manor house is truly remarkable. The castle is private and has been converted into a hotel . A couple of years ago I spent some days in this unique hotel that I was able to enjoy the splendid isolation. Of course, no TV and mini bar in the morning you are awakened by the sharp lines of the many peacocks that run around free but I assure you that stay up there is incredible.

A beautiful medieval inn is part of the complex and then launch the idea (all accepted) to arrive at the castle for a coffee and see if the owner allows us a fleeting visit to the facility. We turn then to the left, near a small hotel and we take a bumpy dirt road from that quickly enters the forest and climbs.

Luckily we came out with my RAV4 agile that climbs up to the square in front of the entrance to the inn and the castle.

Here, silence reigns, and it seems to be timeless. In front of the tavern is a nice church in 1601 that calls for a short stop.

going into the inn, complete with a parlor, order drinks and I qualify as an existing customer. The owner gives the impression of remembering and then ask the courtesy to at least have access to the inner courtyard of the castle. We are satisfied and the heavy door is opened up to allow a quick tour.

This castle was originally an outpost of the lords of Tures, the powerful feudal lords of the valley for the entire Middle Ages. There were many families that succeeded in its possession as the Neuhaus Bressanone 1504 to 1543 followed by Teutenhofen, the von Soll Aichberg, the Künigl and others.

Of his oldest (XII sec.) Keeps only the high square keep. In the nineteenth century underwent extensive interventions in the romantic but have made no secret of all the primitive structures. It was originally a walled castle, the most common type in the area between the eleventh and twelfth centuries, is intended to accommodate a small stable garrison that was intended to control the underlying road linking the estates of the owners of the Val Pusteria. On the north side, next to the tower, there is a small tower hanging fruit of the reworking of the early years of last century.

The panorama from the balconies of the courtyard is large and overlooks the street below.

We look out the front door and we can see a spectacular staircase leading to upper floors with a rich set of armor, hunting trophies, and various antique furnishings.

We can not enter because they are ongoing housekeeping. The photos of the interior of the manor refer to my previous residence. Very nice is the Knights' Hall.

The castle, if I remember correctly, it has little more than a half-dozen rooms, individually decorated and furnished in keeping with the environment. The hotel is mainly frequented by German-speaking customers.

Particular mention I can do about the little restaurant that sits in the parlor of the inn where we had coffee: in a very medieval, with low lights and quiet atmosphere, the chef offers Tyrolean dishes based on game and homemade desserts.

Behind the church is part of a long trail (trail no. 5) that, downhill, leading to the village of Gais. The walk up to a panoramic wooden pavilion in which we stand.

met for a visit is not planned and not everyday, back to the hotel to Steinhaus.

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In the parking lot which is the Postojna Cave you can see the directions to a place of unique charm of its kind: Predjama the castle. To get there, there are only nine miles of scenic road that crosses the edge of the Conca Pivka. The road passes through the Karst village of Veliki Otok interesting to reach the Betalov spodmol; here and in other nearby caves were discovered remains of important houses dating from a period ranging from about 150,000 years BC to the end of the Age Stone. This time in the literature called Paleolithic Karst, saw the birth of one of the oldest cultures of southern Europe. A little later, at an intersection, the road joins the "street trees" from that of Slovenia, and Razdrto Planina street leads to the sea. It is part of the road network used, even before the days of the Romans. In medieval times, this road was used to transport the timber from the local Slovenia's Adriatic ports (hence the name of the street). The route climbs to the back of Vrhe flysch of the natural watershed of the rivers of the Adriatic and the Black Sea after a 90 ° bend to the left, if you go in winter, with the trees bare, you can watch a show that is not easily forgotten : in front of you there is a strict opinions medieval castle nestled at the entrance to a cave where access is possible only by the path we are on.

This "nest", recklessly built in a cave in the wall to 123 m high cliff above the place where the river plunges Lokva is a medieval masterpiece of ingenuity, courage, dell'astuzia in disobedience. Opera interlacing millennium of human nature and improvisation in the crucial moments of life. A safe house in a dangerous environment.

At the end of 1990 during the restoration of the castle, in a corner of the cellar was discovered the treasure of the century castle. XVI (preserved in the National Museum of Ljubljana).

The story of this old manor house that borders the legend and always fascinating and epic and goes back many centuries ago. It is assumed that the castle received its original shape in seconds. XII, while the first written docu ments preserved from the second half of the century. XIII.

At first the Castle Predjama had been a stronghold of the patriarchs of Aquileia, but in 1378 became the property of the Habsburgs.

The most famous inhabitant of the castle Predjama, Erasmus Lueger, lived in the second half of the century. XV, in the Renaissance chateau not yet completed. The role of the castle was then decidedly defensive. Living there was not very pleasant, however, was safe. In the struggle between Emperor Frederick III of Austria and king of Hungary Matthias Corvinus, the unique and proud Erasmo sided with the latter. When the emperor beheaded his friend Erasmus had an argument with a relative of the emperor, killing him. To escape the anger of the king took refuge in the castle Predjama and defied the emperor by attacking merchant caravans that passed on the road between Trieste and Postojna. The castle at that time was mainly developed in the cave that opens behind today's construction. The emperor ordered the lieutenant of Trieste, Caspar Ravbar, capture Erasmo. The legend says that the thick blanket of snow, with the help of his followers, Ravbar managed to track him down. Erasmus was besieged for a year and one day attacked by stone balls, but to no avail, the besiegers languished for failure and anger, when Erasmus fell from the walls of roast beef and fresh cherries. The besieged could last long in the cave due to the existence of a higher natural and secret tunnel of 38 meters that allowed residents to go outside a protected forest. Only with the help of camerlango unfaithful, greedy and sequins on the position in the imperial family, he managed to win Ravbar Erasmo. When Erasmus in one evening in 1484 - according to what the historian writes of Carniola Valvasor - went for those needs "that not even the turkish sultan can do it via a messenger," the unfaithful servant gave a signal light to show the direction to the balls in stone. On that occasion the catapults the rider robber took their own lives.

According to legend, the knight on the square Predjama would be buried beside the church of the century. XV, dedicated to Marija Sedem zalosti, now with the restored frescoes is one of the finest examples of late Gothic architecture in Slovenia. On his grave grew a massive lime wood. Legend has it that it was planted to remember him from the beloved of Erasmus. For over a century no one had better care of the castle. Then, for its picturesque location and the security it offered to the residents if they have an interest benzl Ko family. In 1570, John Kobenzl, the imperial ambassador in Rome and later in Moscow, built near the Castle of Erasmus Lueger Renaissance to the present-day castle.

This event is remembered in a carved two dates, 1583, the portal of entry and the other, 1570. on a ro mu of the castle.

In 1810 the manor was inherited by Count Michael Coronini; in 1846 about the castle was bought by the family of principal more than Windischgratz who remained owners until the end of World War II.

In the first century. XVII, the secret exit of Erasmus in a small foiba directly behind the edge of the overhanging wall Predjama was walled up, because the thieves, using this step, entered the castle and took away many precious objects. After the Second World War, the Postojna cave explorers explored and described this rocky tunnel.

Today the castle is managed by Postojnska jama turizem.

At the base of the castle and the cliff above me really feel anything with these feelings and I am about to enter.

The visit is "moving" for the beauty and feel that every time I try along the away, some of which are carved into the rock, in the quiet countryside of Slovenia shall be accompanied by a drip, a trickle that goes on with asymmetrical rhythm of the breath of the earth. Listening to the drops ... the pace and thought is the silent connection with the planet's history of humanity, their intertwining, their inseparability and alliance. I aspire to his breath that reaches me from the ground and from the forests of Notranjska. I let spoiled by modern life to pass the time between sec. XII and the end of the century. XVI, when there were no faucets and electrical outlets. But even then we lived, life was hard, cruel, dangerous but also luxurious, courageous, slow, sinful, but also natural, after all, free! After deep research has tried to rebuild the castle in the form of special features that resembled what was in the Renaissance at the time of its owner Ivan Kobenzl. You tried to define the destination of the original rooms located on six floors.

From the platform before the castle passed to the drawbridge and enter the hall with arches (1), passing through the room the guard right up the stairs leading to upper floors or on the patio (38), in which it was restored the place to tie horses.

the first floor of the Renaissance entrance tower is a local (2) that hosts the presentation of the evolution of the building and drainage works carried out at the castle. In the hallway, in front of Room No. 2, the pulleys are visible chains of the drawbridge.

The tour takes the stairs (3) upstairs in the room (4) also called Erasmus Hall with a large oil painting depicting the knight Erasmus Lueger, the work of Slovenian artist Loj ze Perko, while Boris Kobe oil painted the famous siege of the castle in 1484. On another wall is a painting that dates back to 1757 and is the Windischgratz Joseph Prince, by G. Morzer. On the wall there are also the arms of the House of Erasmus, the family Coronini of Kobenzl and Windischgratz.

In the same room there is also a half-length marble statue of Count Kobenzl of the eighteenth century by the sculptor Oliviero. The accounts mentioned here are Coronini a double half-length photograph of the carved by the sculptor Michael Coronini Nordic B. Thorvaldsen.

It salt the stairs to the attic (6) than in the past was primarily a defensive role. From here

the enemy was attacked with stones, boiling water and cooked pitch. There is also a bed for the guards. It falls on the lower floor and move along the covered balcony (5). Continue through the new drawbridge to the room again at the end of the century. XIX was called the hall of justice (7);

continue into the room adjacent triangular (8) once called the torture room where you can see part of a natural cave (9) that in times of restructuring Castle under Kobenzl probably served as a prison. Hence the scale ladders or steep stairs led to the locations below. To the left along the staircase (10) is the central room - dining room (25). which is accessible from (26) the upper floor, the trek. At the end of the dining room is the kitchen Medieval (27) with fireplace. The tunnel in the middle of the kitchen perhaps served as a transition to stable or in place of defense near the window in the middle of the cliff wall. The tour then takes the third-floor lobby (11) and a small room, the oratory (l5a) to a heated chamber (15) that at the end of the century. XIX was the name of the prince's room, the room more comfortable and safer for the lords of the castle.

Here sat, talked, slept, loved and even sin.

Next to the oratory is the chapel of the castle (16) with side seats and a beautiful new Renaissance Pietà. Directly next to the chapel is the room of the castle chapel (17), in which the latter prayed, wrote a chronicle of the castle and slept (furniture reconstructed). Chaplain's corner of the room is the exit that leads to the gargoyle (l7a) that protected the entrance of the medieval castle. On this floor you can take a walk up the terrace all'altana (12) overlooking the village. The annex to this end terrace is unfortunate that space (13) where Erasmus was struck by the fatal bullet. Above the terrace there is a cave, a natural passage leading to the second viewpoint, former defensive position, surrounded by rock (14).

The tour proceeds to the fourth floor of the castle, for the guests and the servants. Here is the observatory covered with an excellent view of the surroundings of the castle (21), in connection corridor is the bell (18), a complete attic entrance, once it was probably for the body guard the castle (20). Along the same hall are located, one above the other two guest rooms (19) and (22) which hosts various temporary exhibitions.

Next to the tower there is a small square with a walkway through the Qualle you enter the ancient castle Erasmo. At one time there was a drawbridge (23), now they have remained

only wooden pulleys placed at the sides of the entrance in the Gothic style. In the vast Tana Erasmus (Erazmova Luknja) in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries there was a castle (24) of which today remains only an outer wall with a window and a large walled outbreak. Climbing to the top we get to the upper terrace perched on steep steps. Here is a well of 6 meters in depth that collects rainwater from the concretions. The view that can be enjoyed from the window in the rock is remarkable. From the same terrace are also visible ladders which, during the national liberation struggle, the supporters went up to take refuge in caves. There is also the aforementioned vent Erasmo (Erazmoz rov).

And 'This is the most ancient and evocative that develops the whole castle in the heart of the mountain.

It falls on the stairs along the trek (15) and the dining room (25) to the second floor, so long as the tank (28) to the Knights' Hall (29). Since the latter are only two other local interest: the archive for family records (31) and the kennels for dogs Hunting (30), down under the ledge of rock. A plan is extremely important, one could say very masculine. In the women did not enter these rooms.

After all, on the ground floor, in all areas mentioned, there was only the basement of the castle (36), the pantry, and later, down the hall, a classroom, perhaps destined to the dead.

Crossing the courtyard (38) and the vestibule in the tower we leave this wonderful renaissance castle in the rock, enriched by a new experience.

visits to the castle can take place daily at the following times:

January, February, March, November and December from 10 am to 16;

April and October from 10 to 18;

rest of the year from 9 to 19.

Twenty-five feet below the castle open some interesting caves.

Every year in August, before the castle, there is the carousel of Erasmus with great participation of tourists and locals. Knights and appearing to give rise to a lively medieval festival flavor with duels, battles, processions, banquets and more.